Unit 5
1 Proverbs
(i) κόραξ κόρακι φίλος. (ii) ἐν ταῖς θριξὶν ἡ σοφία. (iii) γάλα ὀρνίθων. (iv) λίθῳ λαλεῖς. (v) ἄφθονοι Μουσῶν θύραι.
2# ἄδικον ὁ πλοῦτος, πολλὰ δʼ οὐκ ὀρθῶς ποιεῖ.
3# ἐκ τῶν ὁμοίων οἱ κακοὶ γαμοῦσʼ ἀεί.
4 αἱ τρίχες ποιοῦσιν αἱ λευκαὶ φρονεῖν.
5 οὐ λέγειν εἶ δεινὸς ἀλλὰ σιγᾶν ἀδύνατος.
6# γέλως ἄκαιρος ἐν βροτοῖς δεινὸν κακόν.
7# ἄδικον τὸ λυπεῖν τοὺς φίλους ἑκουσίως.
8 τὸ μὲν σῶμα θνητόν, ἡ δὲ ψυχὴ ἀθάνατος.
9# τὸ πολλὰ πράττειν ἐστὶ πανταχοῦ κακόν.
10 Barbarous Thracians
For the Greeks mankind was divided in two groups: themselves (῞Ελληνες) and non-Greeks (βάρβαροι). Though the term βάρβαροι was originally neutral, it came to acquire something of its modern connotations when the Greeks came into contact with various wild tribes, particularly those to the north.
οἱ δὲ Θρᾷκες, ἐπεὶ εἰς τὴν
Μυκαλησσὸν ἧκον, τάς τε οἰκίας καὶ τὰ ἱερὰ
ἐπόρθουν καὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἐφόνευον: τοὺς γὰρ γέροντας
καὶ τοὺς νέους οὐκ εἴων ἀποφεύγειν, ἀλλὰ πάντας
(all acc. pl. m.) ἑξῆς καὶ παῖδας
καὶ γυναῖκας ἔκτεινον, καὶ προσέτι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια καὶ τὰ
ἄλλα ἔμψυχα. οἱ γὰρ Θρᾷκες ὁμοίως τοῖς
μάλιστα βαρβάροις σφόδρα φονικοί εἰσιν. καὶ
τότε ἄλλη τε ταραχὴ οὐκ ὀλίγη καὶ ἰδέα παντοία ἦν ὀλέθρου: ἐν γὰρ
διδασκαλείῳ παίδων οὗ ἦσαν οἱ παῖδες πάντας
ἐφόνευσαν. ἡ δὲ συμφορὰ ἡμῖν δοκεῖ παντελῶς ἀδόκητός
τε καὶ δεινή.
11 Alcibiades attacks Byzantium
Alcibiades was the enfant terrible of Athenian politics during the Peloponnesian War but his ability was undisputed. In the following passage his success at Byzantium (modern Istanbul) is described.
καὶ τὸ τοῦ ʼΑλκιβιάδου ναυτικὸν ἐπὶ τὸ Βυζάντιον ἔπλευσε καὶ ἐφόβει τοὺς Βυζαντίους. ὅμως δὲ οἱ ἐν τῷ Βυζαντίῳ Πελοποννήσιοι καὶ Βοιωτοὶ τοὺς ναύτας ἔτρεψαν καὶ ἐδίωξαν εἰς τὰ πλοῖα πάλιν. ἀλλʼ ἐπειδὴ ἔνιοι τῶν ʼΑθηναίων ἔνδον ἤδη ἦσαν, ἐχώρουν ὁμόσε. ἐν δὲ τῇ μάχῃ ἐνίκησεν ὁ ʼΑλκιβιάδης, καὶ τῶν πολεμίων αἰχμάλωτοι ἦσαν πολλοί.
ἀδύνατος, -ον unable
ἄκαιρος, -ον ill-timed, inopportune
ἑκουσίως (adv.) willingly
Μυκαλησσός, -οῦ, ἡ Mycalessus (small town in Boeotia)
ἱερόν, -οῦ, τό temple
εἴων impf. of ἐάω, allow
ἑξῆς (adv.) one after another
προσέτι (adv.) in addition
ἔμψυχος, -ον living
ὁμοίως (adv.) in the same way as (+ dat.)
φονικός, -ή, -όν murderous
διδασκαλεῖον, -ου, τό school
ἀδόκητος, -ον unexpected
Βυζάντιον, -ου, τό Byzantium
ἔπλευσε aor. of πλέω, sail
φοβέω terrify
Βυζάντιος, -ου, ὁ Byzantian
ἔνιοι, -αι, -α some
χωρέω ὁμόσε come to close quarters, join battle
αἰχμάλωτος, -ου, ὁ prisoner
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