Key to Reading Unit 16

1. It is a treasure to have found a good friend.

2. For those who are especially prepared for war (lit. to conduct war) it is especially possible to live at peace.

3. When Agesilaus was asked why Sparta had no walls, he said, 'Cities should be fortified not with stones and beams but with the virtues/bravery of their inhabitants.'

4. You want to beget new children in your house [even] though you have existing children and offspring (lit. children existing and a family being), [thus] creating the greatest hatred among your children.

5. You must not rejoice over the misfortunate (lit. those who have suffered misfortune).

6. I have become educated by looking at the misfortunes of others.

7. And as long as a ship was making an attack, the men on (lit. from) the decks (sc. of the attacked ship) unsparingly employed javelins, arrows and stones against it. But, when they came to grips, the marines attempted to board each other's ships. And in many places it happened on account of the confined space that on one quarter they had rammed the enemy (lit. others), while on another quarter they had been rammed themselves. (Adapted from Thucydides 7.70.)

8. In the same winter, since the Potidaeans were unable to support being besieged any longer - the Peloponnesian invasions into Attica were none the more drawing off the Athenians, their provisions were exhausted, and, [in addition to the] many other [sufferings which] had already occurred subsequently there in connection with bare subsistence, some had actually eaten of each other - so they addressed (historic pres.) proposals for surrender to the Athenian generals who had been placed in command against them, [viz] Xenophon the son of Euripides, Hestiodorus the son of Aristocleides and Phanomachus the son of Callimachus. They (the Athenians) accepted [the proposals], since they saw the distress of their army in [such] a wintry place and since the state (Athens) had already spent two thousand talents on the siege. Accordingly, they came to terms on the following conditions: that the [Potidaeans] themselves and their wives and children and auxiliaries should leave with a single garment [each] - the women with two - taking with them (lit,. having) a stipulated amount of money as travelling expenses. And they left under [these] terms both for (lit. to) Chalcidice and for other possible destinations (lit. where each one could). (Adapted from Thucydides 2.70).

(c) Gavin Betts, Alan Henry 2001