1
(i) 3rd s. aor. opt. act. of δίδωμι.
(ii) gen. m./n. s. of the perf. pple. of ἵστημι ( shorter form).
(iii) pres./fut. inf. of ἔρχομαι.
(iv) pres. act. inf. of δίδωμι.
(v) Either 3rd pl. ind. act. of the transitive aor. of ἵστημι or 3rd pl. ind. of the intransitive aor. of ἵστημι.
(vi) dat. m./n. pl. of the pres./fut. pple. of ἔρχομαι.
(vii) Either 2nd pl. imp. or 2nd pl. subj. of the intransitive aorist of ἵστημι.
(viii) 3rd pl. impf. act. of τίθημι.
(ix) 1st s. pres. subj. of ἔρχομαι.
(x) dat. m./n. s. of the aor. act. pple. of τίθημι.
(xi) 3rd pl. pres./fut. opt. of ἔρχομαι.
(xii) 3rd pl. pluperfect of ἵστημι (shorter form).
(xiii) 2nd s. aor. imp. act. of τίθημι.
(xiv) inf. of the intransitive aor. of ἵστημι.
(xv) 1st pl. aor. opt. act. of τίθημι.
(xvi) 2nd s. pres. imp. of ἔρχομαι.
(xvii) dat. m./n. pl. of the aor. act. pple. of δίδωμι.
(xviii) 3rd pl. fut. ind. of ἔρχομαι.
2
ΓΥΝΗ. ἄπιθι ὡς τάχιστα, ὦ κάκιστε τῶν κακῶν.
ΑΝΗΡ. ἀλλά, ὦ καλλίστη γύναι, οὐκέτι εἶ ἡδίων μέλιτος (or ἢ μέλι).
ΓΥ. σίγα ἢ ἔξειμι τοὺς φύλακας καλοῦσα.
ΑΝ. τήμερον πλέονα δῶρά σοι δώσω.
ΓΥ. μὴ ποιήσῃς τοῦτο: κέκτημαι γὰρ πάντα ὧν δέομαι.
ΑΝ. ἀλλὰ μέμνησο τοῦ ἵππου ὅν σοι ἔδωκα ἵνα ὁ σὸς βίος ῥᾴων εἴη. ἐν μέσῃ τῇ αὐλῇ ἕστηκεν.
ΓΥ. ὁ ἐμὸς βίος ῥᾴων ἂν εἴη εἰ ἐν ἐσχάτῳ τῷ Ἅιδῃ ἑσταίης.
ΑΝ. μὴ εἴπῃς πλέον: ἤδη γὰρ τέθνηκα.
3 For these paradigms see Appendix 5.
4
(i) If you had done this (past), you would have suffered nothing (past).
(ii) If you were doing this (present), you would be suffering nothing (present).
(iii) If you do this (future), you will suffer nothing (future).
(iv) If you were to do this (future), you would suffer nothing (future).
(v) If you did this (past), you suffered nothing (past).
(vi) If you are doing this (present), you are suffering nothing (present).
(vii) if you were doing/used to do this (past, continual or habitual), you were suffering/used to suffer nothing (past, continual or habitual).
(viii) If you had done this (past), you would be suffering nothing (present).
(In the above i,ii,iv, viii are category 1 conditional sentences (18.1/5) and hence have ἄν with their main verb; the others belong to category 2 and do not).
5
ἀρχαιότερος, ἀρχαιότατος ; ἀσθενέστερος,
ἀσθενέστατος ; ἐχθίων, ἔχθιστος ; κακίων,
κάκιστος (or χείρων, χείριστος)
; κενώτερος, κενώτατος ; ῥᾴων,
ῥᾷστος ; σωφρονέστερος, σωφρονέστατος
; θάττων, τάχιστος.
6
All forms are from the comparative of πολύς:
πλέονι dat. m./f./n. s.; πλειόνων gen. m./f./n. pl.; πλείους (shorter form of πλέονες or πλέονας) nom. or acc. m./f. pl.; πλείω (shorter form of πλέονα) either acc. m. s. or nom./acc. n. pl.; πλεόνων another form of πλειόνων.
7
(i) διὰ τί ἐν ἄκρᾳ τῇ οἰκίᾳ ἕστηκας, ὦ ʼΟλύμπικε ; ἆρα ἐκεῖθεν πλέονας (or πλείους) πειρατὰς ἰδεῖν δύνασαι;
(ii) τοῦτον τὸν ὄφιν μὴ φάγῃς, ὦ Διόγενες· εἰ γὰρ δράκων γένοιο, πολλῷ χείρων ἂν εἴης ἢ νῦν εἶ.
(iii) μὴ φοβεῖσθε τοὺς Πέρσας, ὦ ʼΑθηναῖοι. τὰ γὰρ ἡμέτερα ὅπλα πολλῷ καλλίονά ἐστιν.
(iv) ἆρα εἰς τὸν ποταμὸν αὖθις πέπτωκας, ὦ  ̔Ηράκλειτε ; ἆρʼ ἂν λέγοις ὅτι οὗτος οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ αὐτὸς ποταμὸς εἰς ὃν ἐχθὲς ἔπεσες;
(v) πέρυσι μὲν στρατηγὸς κατέστην, ἐχθὲς δὲ οἱ πολῖται τὸν Ξενοφῶντα κατέστησαν.
(vi) μὴ δῷς μηδὲν τῷ ʼΑρχιμήδει. οὐ γὰρ ἴσμεν πῶς τοῖς ἑαυτῷ δοθεῖσι χρήσεται.
(vii) ὑπὸ Δημοσθένους κακῶς ἀκούω διότι Φίλιππον εὖ ἐποίησα.
(viii) ἐκ τοῦδε τοῦ ξύλου  ̔Ερμῆς τις ῥᾷστα ἂν ἐγένετο.
(ix) ἐὰν μὴ θᾶττον ἴῃς, ὦ Ξενοφῶν, τὴν θάλατταν οὐκ ὄψῃ οὐδέποτε.
(x) τοὺς μὲν Θρᾷκας ἀπεστήσαμεν, ὑπὸ δὲ τῶν Περσῶν ἀπὸ τῆς πατρίδος ἀπέστησαν.
__________ ____________ _____________ ____________________ _____________ ____________ _____________ _______________ ___________ __________ __________ __________ _____________ ________ __ _
(c) Gavin Betts, Alan Henry 2001
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